Entrepreneurship education and start‐up activity: a gender perspective

Vegard Johansen

67 citations0/0 files storedInternational Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship

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Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy

Abstract

Purpose This article seeks to evaluate whether entrepreneurship education (EE) in upper secondary schools promotes male and female start‐up activity. The Company programme (CP) reaches more than 200,000 European youths annually. Design/methodology/approach The control‐group design is methodologically strong, and the empirical data are from Norway. Telephone interviews were conducted with 1,171 24‐25 year olds; 50 per cent of the respondents had been involved in CP in the period 2004‐2006, and 50 per cent had not. The analyses also control for other factors of relevance to start‐up activity. Findings Results from econometric analyses indicate a positive correlation between participation in CP and start‐up activity. The analyses also indicate that CP has more impact on male start‐up activity as compared to women. Research limitations/implications A lot of other influences occur between the participation in CP and the start‐up activity. Although CP may be associated with more start‐ups, these are not necessarily start‐ups of a higher quality, survival rate or growth potential. The analysis also conceals variations in start‐up activity among CP‐participants with regard to time spent on CP, position in the CP, and obligatory vs voluntary participation. Practical implications To promote start‐up activity among women more effectively, CP could be more focused on shaping confidence and increasing perceived competency among girls participating in the programme. Social implications One solution for how to increase start‐up activity among young men and women could be to offer EE within upper secondary schools. Originality/value The study measures experience with start‐up activity 6‐8 years after EE‐participation in upper secondary school, it compares the impact of EE on male and female business start‐ups, and the control‐group design is advantageous compared to previous studies.

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References

2007Gender, Entrepreneurial Self–Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Career Intentions: Implications for Entrepreneurship Education 2003Enterprise Education: Influencing Students’ Perceptions of Entrepreneurship 2009The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation 1997Some Research Perspectives on Entrepreneurship Education, Enterprise Education and Education for Small Business Management: A Ten-Year Literature Review 2007The Entrepreneurial Propensity of Women 2012Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Intentions: The Role of Gender and Culture 1999A proclivity for entrepreneurship 2001Start-Up Capital: "Does Gender Matter?"

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