Visiting Power Laws in Cyber‐Physical Networking Systems

Abstract

Cyber‐physical networking systems (CPNSs) are made up of various physical systems that are heterogeneous in nature. Therefore, exploring universalities in CPNSs for either data or systems is desired in its fundamental theory. This paper is in the aspect of data, aiming at addressing that power laws may yet be a universality of data in CPNSs. The contributions of this paper are in triple folds. First, we provide a short tutorial about power laws. Then, we address the power laws related to some physical systems. Finally, we discuss that power‐law‐type data may be governed by stochastically differential equations of fractional order. As a side product, we present the point of view that the upper bound of data flow at large‐time scaling and the small one also follows power laws.

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