Differences in pride and shame in maltreated and nonmaltreated preschoolers.

Steven M. Alessandri · Michael B. Lewis

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Child Abuse and Trauma Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Emotions and Moral Behavior

Abstract

This study examined the expression of shame and pride in maltreated and nonmaltreated preschool children. 84 4-5-year-old children and their mothers participated in the study: 42 had a history of child maltreatment and 42 served as matched controls. Children were presented with easy and difficult tasks and their emotional responses of shame and pride were observed. No shame was shown when subjects succeeded on the tasks and no pride was shown when they failed. Maltreating mothers offered more negative feedback, particularly to their daughters, than nonmaltreating mothers. Maltreated girls showed more shame when they failed and less pride when they succeeded than nonmaltreated girls. The relation between differential socialization practices and the self-conscious emotions is explored as it relates to observed gender differences in emotionality and self-concept.

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References

1988A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.1978Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.1986An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion 1986Impact of child sexual abuse: A review of the research.1979Social Cognition and the Acquisition of Self 1990Assessing individual differences in proneness to shame and guilt: Development of the Self-Conscious Affect and Attribution Inventory.1988Child-Mother Attachment and the Self in Six-Year-Olds 1989Self Development and Self-Conscious Emotions

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2000Child Compliance/Noncompliance and Maternal Contributors to Internalization in Maltreating and Nonmaltreating Dyads 2011The relation between abuse and violent delinquency: The conversion of shame to blame in juvenile offenders 2015Neural Correlates of Error Processing in Young People With a History of Severe Childhood Abuse: An fMRI Study 2008Reintegrative Shaming Theory, moral emotions and bullying 2004Moral Development: The Association between Maltreatment and Young Children's Prosocial Behaviors and Moral Transgressions

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