Factors associated with institutionalization of children orphaned by AIDS in a population-based survey in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There are increasing numbers of children orphaned by AIDS, especially in countries without universal free AIDS treatment. As institutionalization is associated with bad health and developmental outcomes, we have identified the factors associated with the institutionalization of AIDS orphans in a population-based survey in a city in southern Brazil. METHODS: Using AIDS mortality and healthcare registries from 1998 to 2001, a cross-sectional study was conducted among the caregivers of children aged 0-14 years who were the survivors of parents dying of AIDS in Porto Alegre. Data were collected by a household survey using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Out of 1131 orphans identified, 75.4% of their caregivers participated. Among participants, 70% had lost their father and 50% their mother, and 21% had lost both parents. At the time of the survey, 41% of the children lived with the mother, 25% lived with grandparents and 5% lived in institutions. In multivariate analysis, HIV positivity multiplied the child's chances of living in an institution by a factor of 4.6, losing its mother by 5.9, losing both parents by 3.7, and having a non-white mother by 4.0. CONCLUSION: This study provides population-based data on what has become of the children of individuals dying of AIDS. Improving the quality of life and averting the institutionalization of AIDS orphans requires interventions to promote the survival of mothers living with AIDS, as well as specific interventions for child family placement. Reducing the stigma of HIV infection in children and racial discrimination present challenges in Brazil.

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