Article2002

Pattern and Context in the Holocene Proliferation of Backed Artifacts in Australia

90 citations0/0 files storedArcheological Papers of the American Anthropological Association

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Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology Archaeology and ancient environmental studies Australian Indigenous Culture and History

Abstract

Australian backed artifacts appear in the terminal Pleistocene but “proliferate” to become the dominant retouched form in the southeast of the continent only in the mid‐Holocene. This change was triggered by the onset of an ENSO‐dominated climatic pattern 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, and increased backed artifact production was one of a number of strategies that reduced risk during the mid‐Holocene. Adoption of technologies featuring standardized kinds of artifacts was advantageous at that time, but the parallel response of the different technological systems in southern and northern Australia reveals historical contingency in the evolutionary trends.

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References

1989Major Issues in the Emergence of Modern Humans 1997Mode 3 Technologies and the Evolution of Modern Humans 1980Evolutionary Theory and Archaeology 1983A Prehistory of Australia, New Guinea and Sahul 1996Backtracking to Babel: the chronology of Pama‐Nyungan expansion in Australia 1994Technological responses to risk in Holocene Australia 1990Time, Energy, and Stone Tools 1999Australian coastal archaeology

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