Article1994

A 35% carbon dioxide challenge in simple phobias

C. Verburg · Eric J.L. Griez · Jaap A.M.J. Meijer

64 citations0/0 files storedActa Psychiatrica Scandinavica

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Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments

Abstract

Twenty-eight subjects meeting the DSM-III-R criteria for simple phobia and 30 normal controls were subjected to a 35% carbon dioxide panic provocation challenge. Simple phobics were subdivided into two groups, animal phobics and situational or natural phenomena phobics. Animal phobics were not more vulnerable to carbon dioxide than normal controls. However, situational or natural phenomena phobics reacted significantly more strongly to the challenge than normal controls. The increase in anxiety in this group was comparable to the increase of anxiety of panic disorder patients from previous studies. Our results suggest the existence of a constitutional predisposition that may not only lead to panic disorder but also to the development of certain specific phobias.

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References

1988Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1965A Self-Rating Depression Scale 1971A Rating Instrument For Anxiety Disorders 1987Fears, phobias, and rituals 1970Verbal Conditioning: Method, Process, or Principle?1984Response to hyperventilation in a group of patients with panic disorder 1987CO2 vulnerability in panic disorder 1986Carbon Dioxide Sensitivity in Panic Anxiety

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1998Reliability of the 35% carbon dioxide panic provocation challenge 2000Double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of paroxetine for specific phobia 1995The Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders 1997Response to hyperventilation and 5.5% CO2 inhalation of subjects with types of specific phobia, panic disorder, or no mental disorder 1997Modification of 35% Carbon Dioxide Hypersensitivity Across One Week of Treatment With Clomipramine and Fluvoxamine 2002Antipanic Drug Modulation Of 35% CO2 Hyperreactivity and Short-Term Treatment Outcome

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