second-order cybernetics

Abstract

Second order Cybernetics (also known as the Cybernetics of Cybernetics , and the New Cybernetics ) was developed between 1968 and 1975 in recognition of the power and consequences of cybernetic examinations of circularity. It is Cybernetics , when Cybernetics is subjected to the critique and the understandings of Cybernetics . It is the Cybernetics in which the role of the observer is appreciated and acknowledged rather than disguised, as had become traditional in western science: and is thus the Cybernetics that considers observing, rather than observed systems.

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