Social Distance and Perceived Dangerousness Across Four Diagnostic Categories of Mental Disorder

Dannette Marie · Brad Miles

114 citations0/0 files storedAustralian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

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Mental Health Treatment and Access Schizophrenia research and treatment Psychology and Mental Health

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether laypersons make categorical distinctions between psychoses, neuroses, and addictive behaviours relative to desired social distance and whether degree of familiarity and perceived dangerousness influences social distance judgements. METHOD: Two studies were undertaken using the mental health literacy framework. The first study involved surveying lay beliefs and perceptions of a mentally ill person who exhibited behavioural cues of one of the following: schizophrenia, depression, alcohol abuse, or substance dependence. The second study involved a partial replication and refinement of the first study to determine whether discriminate judgements across diagnostic categories were influenced by perceived dangerousness. RESULTS: Findings from study 1 indicated that laypersons do differentiate between psychological disorders and respond to them differently relative to social distance. Results from study 2 confirmed those of study 1 and in addition suggested that perceived dangerousness influences social distance, largely with respect to schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Laypersons make categorical distinctions between different types of disorders. Perceived dangerousness is more strongly associated with schizophrenia, than is warranted when considered against acts of violence and aggression committed by individuals with alcohol abuse and substance dependence problems.

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References

1997“Mental health literacy”: a survey of the public's ability to recognise mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment 2000Stigmatisation of people with mental illnesses 2001Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: The functions of social exclusion.2000Public Conceptions of Mental Illness in 1950 and 1996: What Is Mental Illness and Is It to be Feared?2002Challenging Two Mental Illness Stigmas: Personal Responsibility and Dangerousness 1994Dispelling the Stigma of Schizophrenia: What Sort of Information Is Best?1986Contact with the Mentally Ill and Perceptions of How Dangerous They Are 2008Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey

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