Articlebronze2001

Normative data for the HADS from a large non‐clinical sample

Joanne Crawford · Julie D. Henry · Caroline Crombie · Emily Patricia Taylor

815 citations0/0 files storedBritish Journal of Clinical Psychology

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Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Psychological Testing and Assessment

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To provide normative data for the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). DESIGN: Repeated measures and correlational. METHODS: The HADS was administered to a non-clinical sample, broadly representative of the general adult UK population (N = 1792) in terms of the distributions of age, gender and occupational status. Correlational analysis was used to determine the influence of demographic variables on HADS scores. RESULTS: Demographic variables had only very modest influences on HADS scores. The reliability of the HADS is acceptable; the Anxiety and Depression scales are moderately correlated (.53). Tables to convert raw scores to percentiles are presented for females and males. CONCLUSIONS: The present normative data allow clinicians to assess the rarity of a given HADS score, and thus provide a useful supplement to existing cut-off scores.

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