Article1999

Effects of Caring, Measurement, and Time on Miscarriage Impact and Women's Well-Being

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Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Responses to miscarriage range from relief to devastation, yet there have been no randomized controlled studies that demonstrate significant effects of counseling with women who miscarry. OBJECTIVE: To test the effects of caring-based counseling, measurement, and time on the integration of loss (miscarriage impact) and women's emotional well-being (moods and self-esteem) in the first year after miscarrying. METHOD: ANCOVA was used in this randomized, longitudinal Solomon four-group experimental investigation. Enrolled were 242; 185 completed. Outcomes included: self-esteem, overall emotional disturbance, anger, depression, anxiety, confusion, overall miscarriage impact, personal significance, devastating event, lost baby, and isolated. RESULTS: During the first year after loss (a) caring was effective in reducing overall emotional disturbance, anger, and depression; and (b) time passing led to increased self-esteem and decreased anxiety, depression, anger, confusion, and personal significance of loss. CONCLUSION: Caring, measurement, and time had some positive and significant effects on the integration of loss and enhancement of well-being in the first year subsequent to miscarrying.

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References

1988The Perinatal Grief Scale: Development and initial validation.1996Miscarriage as a traumatic event: A review of the literature and new implications for intervention 1984Modification of Life Event Questionnaires for Use with Female Respondents 1996The influence of psychological debriefing on emotional adaptation in women following early miscarriage: A preliminary study 1989The Psychiatric Consequences of Spontaneous Abortion 2004Communicating Nursing Research

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2004Bereavement care interventions: a systematic review 2005Social and Professional Support Needs of Families After Perinatal Loss 2013Pregnancy loss 2009Resolution of Depression and Grief during the First Year after Miscarriage: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Couples-Focused Interventions 2005The Scope and Impact of Perinatal Loss: Current Status and Future Directions.2006Perinatal Loss 2010Satisfaction with pregnancy loss aftercare: are women getting what they want?

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