Articlediamond2012

International shortfall inequality in life expectancy in women and in men, 1950-2010

Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor · Sam B. Harper · Jennifer Lee · John William Lynch · Colin Douglas Mathers · Carla AbouZahr

26 citations0/0 files storedBulletin of the World Health Organization

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Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management Health disparities and outcomes Global Health Care Issues

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess international shortfall inequality in life expectancy at birth among women and men and the influence of geography and country income group. METHODS: The authors used estimates of life expectancy at birth, by sex, for 12 five-year periods between 1950-1955 and 2005-2010 and estimates of population for the midpoints of each period from the World population prospects, 2008 revision. Shortfall inequality was defined as the weighted average of the deviations of each country's average life expectancy by sex from the highest attained life expectancy by sex for each period. FINDINGS: International shortfall inequalities in life expectancy among men and among women decreased between 1950 and 1975 but stagnated thereafter. International shortfall inequality in life expectancy has been higher in women than in men, ranging from 1.9 to 2.9 years. Women in low-income countries have the biggest shortfall, currently at around 26.7 years. CONCLUSION: International shortfall inequality is higher among women than men primarily because women in low-income and lower-middle-income country groups show larger differences in life expectancy than men. Further investigation is needed to determine the pathways causing these inequalities.

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References

2008Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health 2007World Population Prospects The 2006 Revision 1949World Health Statistics 2008Correcting the Concentration Index 2005Worlds apart: measuring international and global inequality 2000Defining and measuring health inequality: an approach based on the distribution of health expectancy.2007Trends in the Black-White Life Expectancy Gap in the United States, 1983-2003 2007World Mortality 1950–2000: Divergence Replaces Convergence from the Late 1980s

Cited by

2018Effects on inequality in life expectancy from a social ecology perspective 2018Decomposition of age- and cause-specific adult mortality contributions to the gender gap in life expectancy from census and survey data in Zambia 2018Decomposition of Ethiopian life expectancy by age and cause of mortality; 1990-2015 2016Health Inequalities: Measurement and Decomposition

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