Dimensions of Religious/Spiritual Well-Being and the Dark Triad of Personality

Monika Kämmerle · Human‐Friedrich Unterrainer · Phoebe Dahmen-Wassenberg · Andréas Fink · Hans‐Peter Kapfhammer

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Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology Personality Traits and Psychology Personality Disorders and Psychopathology

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In general, religious/spiritual dimensions are found to be negatively correlated with all kinds of psychiatric disorders such as depression, suicidal ideation and substance abuse. Contrary to these findings, the goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between dimensions of religious/spiritual well-being (RSWB) and less favorable aspects of personality - the so-called 'dark triad' of personality traits, i.e. narcissism, machiavellianism and psychopathy - together with general deficits in personality structure. SAMPLING AND METHODS: A total of 312 college students (220 females) completed the Multidimensional Inventory for RSWB, the revised Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Machiavellianism Inventory and the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale along with the 16-item Inventory of Personality Organization. RESULTS: RSWB was confirmed to be negatively correlated with these negative aspects of personality, in particular with subclinical psychopathy. More specifically, there were several notable overlaps; narcissism, for instance, was found to be significantly positively associated with some RSWB subdimensions such as 'hope' or 'connectedness'. CONCLUSIONS: First deductions can be made from these data concerning an ambivalent role of spirituality in impaired personality structure. These associations might be further investigated especially in psychiatric patients diagnosed with personality disorders in order to describe potential psychopathological facets of religion and spirituality more adequately.

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References

2002The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy 1979A Narcissistic Personality Inventory 1995Assessing psychopathic attributes in a noninstitutionalized population.2013The Dark Triad of Personality: A 10 Year Review 1984Severe Personality Disorders: Psychotherapeutic Strategies 1999Does Spirituality Represent the Sixth Factor of Personality? Spiritual Transcendence and the Five‐Factor Model 2010Searching for a Vulnerable Dark Triad: Comparing Factor 2 Psychopathy, Vulnerable Narcissism, and Borderline Personality Disorder 2001The Inventory of Personality Organization: Psychometric properties, factorial composition, and criterion relations with affect, aggressive dyscontrol, psychosis proneness, and self-domains in a nonclinical sample.

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