Les savants les plus "demandés". Expertise, compétences et multipositionnalité. Le cas des géographes dans la politique d'aménagement du territoire

Abstract

The scientists most «wished». Expertise, competences and social multi-position. The example of geographers In regional planing policy. Gilles Massardier [163-180]. This article is about social production of applied scientist discourse on regional planing in France during the 80's. A group of geographers imposes its expertise, developping a strategy to interest other groups in its production. It's shown that scientists expertise manœuvre between knowledge and power because it cornes from three social processes : construction of geographers group's frontiers, construction of its professional identity, and construction of a multi-positional system in political, civil service and consultancy fields. We can use the notion of paradigmatic relationships to call relations between geographers and the french regional planing administration Delegation a l'Amenagement du territoire et a l'action regionale (DATAR) insofar as they entitle them to exchange knowledge (social representation of territory, concepts) and practices (seminars, publishing). In fact, those relations break down the scheme of expert advice to government decision making because of the self-sufficiency of this system of scientist discourse's production which put those actors out of touch the regional planing administration's operationality.

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