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Clinical Differences Between Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Depressed Children and Adolescents

Rémy Barbe · Douglas E. Williamson · Jeffrey A. Bridge · Boris B. Birmaher · Ronald E. Dahl · David Axelson +1 more

94 citations0/0 files storedThe Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

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Suicide and Self-Harm Studies Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Personality Disorders and Psychopathology

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical symptoms and comorbid psychiatric disorders of depressed children and adolescents with and without clinically significant suicidal ideation. METHOD: Children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years with current DSM-III-R major depressive disorder (MDD) (N = 135) were recruited between January 1987 and April 2002. Current MDD symptoms and lifetime comorbid psychiatric disorders were assessed using either a combination of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Epidemiologic and -Present Episode versions or the -Present Lifetime version. Thirty-two percent (N = 43) of the depressed subjects were classified as suicidal (at least suicidal ideation with a plan). RESULTS: Depressed suicidal youth presented with a more severe episode (p = .001) and a poorer functional status (p = .019), were more hopeless (p = .001), and presented more frequently with insomnia (p = .011). There was an interaction between suicide x sex x pubertal status for severity of MDD (p = .013), the presence of hopelessness (p < .001), poor functional status (p = .023), and comorbidity with a lifetime history of any disruptive behavior (p = .019). Among pre-pubertal depressed males, suicidal boys had significantly increased severity of MDD (p = .025) and poorer functional status (p = .044) than non-suicidal boys. Among postpubertal depressed females, suicidal girls were more frequently hopeless (p = .008) and presented an increased severity of MDD (p = .022) and more frequent lifetime history of any disruptive behavior (p = .03) when compared with nonsuicidal girls. CONCLUSION: There appears to be a sex difference for some clinical features, particularly hopelessness, among depressed suicidal children and adolescents. Whether hopelessness is a sex-specific characteristic of depressed suicidal children and adolescents requires further study.

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References

1997Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): Initial Reliability and Validity Data 1975Four Factor Index of Social Status 1983A Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)1996Cross-National Epidemiology of Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder 1987Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory.1985Hopelessness and eventual suicide: a 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation 1987DSM-III Disorders in Preadolescent Children 1985The Assessment of Affective Disorders in Children and Adolescents by Semistructured Interview

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