Modeling Human–Automation Function Allocation

Abstract

The collective taskwork of a team spans the functions required to achieve work goals. Within this context, function allocation is the design decision in which taskwork functions are assigned to all agents in a team, both human and automated. In addition, the allocation of taskwork functions then creates the need for additional teamwork functions to coordinate between agents. In this paper, we identify important requirements for function allocation within teams of human and automated agents. Of note, many important attributes may be observed only within the detailed dynamics of simulation or actual operations, particularly when a function allocation requires tightly coupled interactions. Building on the preceding companion paper’s conceptual review of the requirements of effective function allocation, in this paper we develop a modeling framework that increases the number of aspects of function allocation that can be examined simultaneously through both static analysis and dynamic computational simulations. The taskwork and teamwork of a modern air transport flight deck with a range of function allocations is used as an example throughout, highlighting the range of phenomenon these models can describe. A follow-on companion paper discusses specific metrics of function allocation that can be derived both from such models and from observations in high-fidelity human-in-the-loop simulations or real operations.

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