Victim Reactions During Rape/Sexual Assault

Grace Galliano · Linda M. Noble · Linda A. Travis · CAROL PUECHL

162 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Interpersonal Violence

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Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies Intimate Partner and Family Violence Child Abuse and Trauma

Abstract

Overt signs of victim resistance during rape are critical issues in the handling of and recovery from rape/sexual assault. However, a substantial number of victims do not resist the attacker in any way. Tonic immobility (TI), a well-known involuntary, reflexive response to fear-inducing stimuli, may aid in explaining the paralysis and “freezing” of many rape victims. In the present study, rape survivors were classified as immobile, intermediate, or mobile, based on a self-report measure. The immobile group manifested significantly more of the specific features associated with tonic immobility. Thirty-seven percent of the sample clearly demonstrated immobility during the attack. Various postrape behaviors and attitudes were found to be associated with the incidence of the immobility response.

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References

1986Adjustment to rape.1990Understanding Attributions of Victim Blame for Rape: Sex, Violence, and Foreseeability1

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2004Tonic immobility and childhood sexual abuse: a preliminary report evaluating the sequela of rape-induced paralysis 1997Review and Critique of Empirical Studies of Rape Avoidance 2017Tonic immobility during sexual assault – a common reaction predicting post‐traumatic stress disorder and severe depression 2010The importance of the peritraumatic experience in defining traumatic stress.2007Exploring human freeze responses to a threat stressor 2011Aversive life events enhance human freezing responses.2007Peritraumatic tonic immobility predicts a poor response to pharmacological treatment in victims of urban violence with PTSD 2008Tonic immobility mediates the influence of peritraumatic fear and perceived inescapability on posttraumatic stress symptom severity among sexual assault survivors

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