Implicit Self-Esteem in Japan: Name Letters and Birthday Numbers

Shinobu Kitayama · Mayumi Karasawa

283 citations0/0 files storedPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin

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Cultural Differences and Values Social and Intergroup Psychology Personality Traits and Psychology

Abstract

Japanese studies have repeatedly failed to obtain any explicit tendency to enhance self-esteem. In two studies, the authors attempted an implicit assessment of positive feelings attached to Japanese selves and found evidence for such feelings. Study 1 examined preference for Japanese alphabetical letters and found that letters included in one's own name were significantly better liked than the remaining ones. Further, an especially strong preference was expressed by male respondents for the first letters of their family names, and by female respondents for the first letters of their first names. Study 2 assessed preference for numerics and showed that the numbers corresponding to both the month and the day of one's birthday were significantly better liked than the remaining numbers. Implications are discussed for theories of Japanese selves.

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References

1891The Principles of Psychology 1991Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation 1969The Handbook of Social Psychology 1988Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.1968Attitudinal effects of mere exposure.1995Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes.1989The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts.2004Handbook of social psychology

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