WINNER OF THE 2012 JULIAN HAYDEN PRIZE, ARIZONA ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY: RE-ENVISIONING NATIVISM: THE USE OF ECCLESIASTICAL PARAPHERNALIA DURING THE PUEBLO REVOLT

Abstract

Archaeological analyses of the Pueblo Revolts have emphasized the agency of indigenous leaders in materializing a nativistic cultural revitalization movement. Evidence from refuge pueblos in the northern Rio Grande shows that leaders drew on pre-Hispanic traditions from a variety of culture groups, creating a hybrid religious practice which integrated diverse populations. Evidence that these same leaders were using Catholic ecclesiastical paraphernalia in traditional religious contexts, however, has been downplayed in archaeological discussions of Revolt-era nativism. This paper examines the contexts of these appropriations during and prior to the revolts, and elsewhere in the Spanish colonies. I argue that the multiple indexical properties of the particular objects which were appropriated lend them to reinterpretation as markers of indigenous autonomy, and that “nativism” is more appropriately defined as the consolidation of indigenous identity than the elimination of foreign influence.

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