Article1969

FATHER ABSENCE, MATERNAL ENCOURAGEMENT, AND SEX ROLE DEVELOPMENT IN KINDERGARTEN-AGE BOYS

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Gender Roles and Identity Studies Family Dynamics and Relationships Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Abstract

In order to ascertain the effects of father absence and degree of maternal encouragement of masculine behavior on boys' sex role development, matched father-absent and father-present kindergarten-age boys were studied. Compared to father-absent boys, father-present boys were found to be much more masculine in projective sex role orientation and slightly more masculine in game preference but were not significantly different in terms of a rating scale measure of overt masculinity. For father-absent boys, but not for father-present boys, degree of maternal encouragement of masculine behavior was related to masculinity of game preference and the rating scale measure of overt masculinity.

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References

1965Expanded manual for the Peabody picture vocabulary test 1966Effects of paternal absence on sex-typed behaviors in Negro and white preadolescent males.1954Father Relations of War-Born Children 1967FATHER ABSENCE, CROSS-SEX IDENTITY, AND FIELD-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR IN MALE ADOLESCENTS

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1982Oedipus Revisited: Laius and the “Laius Complex”1985Effects of Divorce on Children: Differential Impact of Custody and Visitation Patterns 2017Father absence and gendered traits in sons and daughters 1982Parental marital status and adolescents' optimism about their future 2019A Review of the Study on Father Involvement in Child Rearing 1986Personal Health Practices in Single Parent and Two Parent Families 1978Father-absent and father-present families of disturbed and nondisturbed adolescents.1996Father Presence Matters: A Review of the Literature.

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