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With the increasing use of GIS by planners, statistics routines are needed that quantify relationships taking into account spatial location. Spatial statistics is a branch of statistics that includes measures of spatial distribution, spatial autocorrelation, and spatial association. Five statistics packages are described here that calculate various spatial indices useful for planners. In the future, planners will use these methods along with GIS programs to draw more rigorous and quantifiable deductions from their data.
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Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 75 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.