Articlebronze1977

ESCAPE, AVOIDANCE, PUNISHMENT: WHERE DO WE STAND?

143 citations0/0 files storedJournal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior

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Behavioral and Psychological Studies Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Memory and Neural Mechanisms

Abstract

This paper reviews progress since the author's previous writings in three areas. In escape training, the preparatory-response explanation of bar holding still appears to be valid. In avoidance, the newer safety-signal version of two-factor theory has much to recommend it and readily incorporates Anger's conditioned aversive temporal stimuli formulation. Shock-density reduction is rejected as a substitute for two-factor theory. Finally, criticisms of the avoidance interpretation of punishment are answered and recent empirical data are cited in its support.

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References

1966Operant Behavior: Areas of Research and Application,1969Punishment and aversive behavior 1968Miami Symposium on the prediction of behavior, 1967 : aversive stimulation 1964Delay of reinforcement: A historical review.1954Punishment: I. The avoidance hypothesis.1965Is time-out from positive reinforcement an aversive event? A review of the experimental evidence.

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1984AVERSIVE CONTROL: A SEPARATE DOMAIN?2009RESURGENCE OF INFANT CAREGIVING RESPONSES 1984THE OPERANT‐RESPONDENT DISTINCTION: FUTURE DIRECTIONS 2019Overcoming avoidance in anxiety disorders: The contributions of Pavlovian and operant avoidance extinction methods 1980REINFORCEMENT AND PUNISHMENT EFFECTS IN CONCURRENT SCHEDULES: A TEST OF TWO MODELS 1980Eysenck's theory of incubation: A critical analysis 2020Punishment and its putative fallout: A reappraisal 1987VARIABLE‐INTERVAL SCHEDULES OF TIMEOUT FROM AVOIDANCE

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