Expectations about the Future and the Emotional Consequences of Perceiving Prejudice

Cheryl R. Kaiser · Brenda Major · Shannon K. McCoy

134 citations0/0 files storedPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin

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Social and Intergroup Psychology Gender and Feminist Studies Optimism, Hope, and Well-being

Abstract

Three studies tested the hypothesis that possessing a pessimistic outlook on life moderates the effects of perceiving sexism on emotions and self-esteem. Across all studies, a pessimistic outlook on life (either dispositionally held or experimentally induced) served as a source of emotional vulnerability among women (Studies 1-3) and men (Study 1) faced with evidence of sexism directed against their gender group. Study 3 demonstrated that one's outlook on life influences emotional adjustment to prejudice through the cognitive appraisal process. Relative to optimists, pessimists appraised sexism as more stressful and believed they possessed fewer resources for coping with it. This research emphasizes the importance of examining sources of vulnerability and resilience in understanding emotional responses to prejudice.

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References

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2009Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review.2004The Social Psychology of Stigma 2009How does sexual minority stigma “get under the skin”? A psychological mediation framework.2014The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: A meta-analytic review.2007Perceived discrimination and women's psychological distress: The roles of collective and personal self-esteem.

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