Football Banning Orders, Proportionality, and Public Order Policing

Clifford Stott · Geoff Pearson

55 citations0/0 files storedThe Howard Journal of Criminal Justice

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Policing Practices and Perceptions Criminal Law and Policy Criminal Justice and Penology

Abstract

Abstract: This article provides a critical analysis of the UK legislation on football banning orders. The historical development of this legislation is outlined and concerns are raised about its impact upon civil liberties and human rights, particularly with respect to Section 14B of the Football (Disorder) Act 2000. The article then outlines a body of research on crowd psychology, public order policing and football ‘disorder’ that questions the determining role of the banning order in the reduction of English ‘hooliganism’ at international football tournaments. With regard to tests of proportionality the article concludes by raising important questions about the efficacy and justifiability of football banning orders as a long-term strategy for the management of football ‘hooliganism’.

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References

2006European Journal of Social Psychology 2000Collective action and psychological change: The emergence of new social identities 2001Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Group Processes 1999The Intergroup Dynamics of Collective Empowerment: Substantiating the Social Identity Model of Crowd Behavior 2002The margin of appreciation doctrine and the principle of proportionality in the jurisprudence of the ECHR 1996‘The Battle of Westminster’: developing the social identity model of crowd behaviour in order to explain the initiation and development of collective conflict 2000Crowds, context and identity: Dynamic categorization processes in the 'poll tax riot'2001‘Hooligans’ abroad? Inter‐group dynamics, social identity and participation in collective ‘disorder’ at the 1998 World Cup Finals

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