Two Contrasting Approaches to Urban Accessibility for Individuals with Disabilities or Special Needs

Abstract

Both the U.S. and the Nordic countries (Iceland, Finland, Norway, Denmark, and Sweden) are in the vanguard in what they have accomplished for disabled persons with non-correctable impairments who lack ability, power, or fitness to complete a task and for individuals with special needs such as those pushing wheelchairs or infant strollers. Yet the approaches to accessibility by the U.S. and the Nordic countries differ because of the contrasting ideologies or systems of support provided in those places. Specifically, the ideology of the U.S. emphasizes individual rights, while the Nordic countries foster an inclusive approach directed toward developing environments that accommodate a range of human abilities and disabilities. This paper reviews the contrasting approaches to accessibility in the U.S. and Nordic countries by using examples from the built environment.

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