Article1998

Life stressors as risk factors in depression.

535 citations0/0 files storedClinical Psychology Science and Practice

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Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Stress Responses and Cortisol Health and Well-being Studies

Abstract

Compelling evidence for an association between major adverse life experience and subsequent major depression is reviewed. Determining individual vulnerability to life stress and the effect of stressors on treatment outcome of depression are highlighted as the next major targets for contemporary stress research. Methodological concerns in the evaluation of stressors are detailed, and available data on variables that may influence the stress-depression relationship are presented. The critical importance of multivariate models in understanding individual vulnerability and outcome is emphasized. As methods for ascertaining stressful life events and chronic stressors continue to be refined, and models addressing the complex relationship of stressors and depression continue to be developed, prediction of stressor effects in onset and outcome of major depression will become increasingly more precise.

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References

1985Stress, appraisal, and coping 1985Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.1967The social readjustment rating scale 1978The Structure of Coping 1976Social Support as a Moderator of Life Stress 1989The Sociological Study of Stress 1981Comparison of two modes of stress measurement: Daily hassles and uplifts versus major life events 1979The social origins of depression

Cited by

2018Risk Factors for Depression: An Autobiographical Review 2011Interpersonal emotion regulation as a mechanism of social support in depression 2009Chronic and acute stress and the prediction of major depression in women 2014Mindfulness Goes to Work 2013Stressful Life Events and Depression Symptoms: The Effect of Childhood Emotional Abuse on Stress Reactivity 2006Differential Exposure and Reactivity to Interpersonal Stress Predict Sex Differences in Adolescent Depression 2015From loss to loneliness: The relationship between bereavement and depressive symptoms.

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