We transmit images of space and place through communication, so space and place are part of the ‘content’ of media. In addition, every communication follows a path from sender(s) to receiver(s) along a particular spatial route between particular places. These observations indicate opposing forms of containment: spaces and places contain communications yet are also contained by communications. We can accept these complementary views as keys to the organization of the various types of research in communication geography. A fifth approach is evident, as well, which transcends the dichotomies of space/place and content/context — an epistemology that is inherently scaleless.
Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 103 citations exist upstream.