An Empirical Comparison of Maslow's and Murray's Needs Systems

Claude H. Cunningham · James A. Wakefield

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Human Behavior and Motivation Personality Traits and Psychology Psychological Testing and Assessment

Abstract

The Work Motivation Inventory (WMI), a measure of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS), a measure of Murray's manifest needs, were administered to 372 undergraduates. The two instruments were compared using canonical analysis. The analysis revealed three significant relationships between components of the two instruments. The first relationship supported Maslow's need hierarchy in general and its measurement by the WMI. The second suggested a fluctuating relationship between giving and receiving help and the levels of Maslow's hierarchy. The third relationship suggested that need for Achievement is associated with the intermediate levels of Maslow's hierarchy.

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1962Toward a Psychology of Being 1956Edwards Personal Preference Schedule 1975A Common Factor in the MMPI Scales of Married Couples

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