Article1998

Tiwanaku ‘colonization’: Bioarchaeological implications for migration in the Moquegua Valley, Peru

Deborah E. Blom · Benedikt Hallgrímsson · Linda Keng · María Cecilia Lozada · Jane Ellen Buikstra

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Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies Archaeology and ancient environmental studies Paleopathology and ancient diseases

Abstract

Nothing is more central to theories of prehispanic Andean state formation than the relationship between highland core areas and ecologically‐distinct peripheral regions. Various models, ranging from direct colonization to trade relations have been proposed and are usually grounded in architectural and material cultural patterning. We examine the human biological implications of colonization from the perspective of Tiwanaku, primarily during the expansive Tiwanaku IV and V periods (c. AD 500–1000). Using inherited skeletal features and artificial cranial deformation, we explore community patterning within the Titicaca Basin in comparison to that for the Moquegua (Middle Osmore) Valley, a region known to have strong cultural ties with the highland altiplano. Based in a sample of over 500 individuals, we test archaeologically‐derived models that posit mass migration into the Moquegua region. Our results are not inconsistent with a migration model.

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References

1994Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains 1970Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference 1991Advances in dental anthropology 1972Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference 2007Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 1967Epigenetic variation in the human cranium.1994Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains: Proceedings of a Seminar at the Field Museum of Natural History 1997The Archaeology of Ethnicity: Constructing Identities in the Past and Present

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2008Multiregional Perspectives on the Archaeology of the Andes During the Late Intermediate Period (c. A.D. 1000–1400)2000Exotic Goods and Everyday Chiefs: Long-Distance Exchange and Indigenous Sociopolitical Development in the South Central Andes 2005Distant Colonies and Explosive Collapse: The Two Stages of the Tiwanaku Diaspora in the Osmore Drainage 2008Wari and Tiwanaku: International Identities in the Central Andean Middle Horizon 2004Tiwanaku and Its Precursors: Recent Research and Emerging Perspectives

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