Aboriginal premature mortality within South Australia 1999-2006: a cross-sectional analysis of small area results

David Banham · Heather Jury · Tony Woollacott · Robyn Anne McDermott · Fran Elaine Baum

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Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights Health disparities and outcomes Indigenous Health and Education

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This paper initially describes premature mortality by Aboriginality in South Australia during 1999 to 2006. It then examines how these outcomes vary across area level socio-economic disadvantage and geographic remoteness. METHODS: The retrospective, cross-sectional analysis uses estimated resident population by sex, age and small areas based on the 2006 Census, and Unit Record mortality data. Premature mortality outcomes are measured using years of life lost (YLL). Subsequent intrastate comparisons are based on indirect sex and age adjusted YLL results. A multivariate model uses area level socio-economic disadvantage rank, geographic remoteness, and an interaction between the two variables to predict premature mortality outcomes. RESULTS: Aboriginal people experienced 1.1% of total deaths but 2.2% of YLL and Aboriginal premature mortality rates were 2.65 times greater than the South Australian average. Premature mortality for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people increased significantly as area disadvantage increased. Among Aboriginal people though, a significant main effect for area remoteness was also observed, together with an interaction between disadvantage and remoteness. The synergistic effect shows the social gradient between area disadvantage and premature mortality increased as remoteness increased. CONCLUSIONS: While confirming the gap in premature mortality rates between Aboriginal South Australians and the rest of the community, the study also found a heterogeneity of outcomes within the Aboriginal community underlie this difference. The results support the existence of relationship between area level socio-economic deprivation, remoteness and premature mortality in the midst of an affluent society. The study concludes that vertically equitable resourcing according to population need is an important response to the stark mortality gap and its exacerbation by area socio-economic position and remoteness.

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2007The burden of disease and injury in Australia 2003 1986A Testament of Hope : The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr.2008Burden of disease and injury in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples: the Indigenous health gap 2008The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics 2007The burden of disease and injury in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 2003 1989Revised Regional Model Life Tables at Very Low Levels of Mortality 2007Excess Indigenous mortality: are Indigenous Australians more severely disadvantaged than other Indigenous populations?2000Vertical Equity in Health Care Resource Allocation

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