The Relationship Among Expressions, Labels, and Descriptions of Contempt.

David Matsumoto · Paul Ekman

130 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Emotions and Moral Behavior Social and Intergroup Psychology Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment

Abstract

This article reports 4 studies that demonstrate that the contempt expression is reliably associated with situations that elicit contempt and that the inability to label the contempt expression reflects a problem with its label or concept and not with the relationship between its expression and emotion. In Study I, the labeling of contempt in fixed-choice judgment tasks did not occur because of a process of elimination. In Studies 2 and 3, the contempt expression was associated with situations that elicit contempt, but participants did not label the situations in an open-ended response. In Study 3, participants also more reliably labeled the contempt expression with situations rather than with labels and did not generate contempt situations from labels. In Study 4, participants reported using, hearing, and reading about contempt the least among 7 emotions tested.

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References

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2014The Psychology of Social Status 2016On the deep structure of social affect: Attitudes, emotions, sentiments, and the case of “contempt”2010The expression of determination: Similarities between anger and approach-related positive affect.2010Morphed emotional faces: Emotion detection and misinterpretation in social anxiety 2010Social Cuing of Guilt by Anger and of Shame by Disgust 2011Held in contempt: The psychological, interpersonal, and performance consequences of contempt in a work context.

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