Is Sprawl Unhealthy?

Alexia C. Kelly-Schwartz · Jean Stockard · Marc Schlossberg

150 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Planning Education and Research

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Health disparities and outcomes Urban Green Space and Health

Abstract

This article addresses the contention that urban sprawl influences general health through physical activity, obesity, and the presence of chronic disease. Data on individual health is obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III study in 29 primary metropolitan statistical areas, and data on sprawl are from Ewing et al. Using hierarchical modeling, the results indicate that even with strong controls for individual variables, residents of areas with more highly accessible and gridded street networks have higher health ratings. At the same time, residents of more densely populated urban areas have lower rated health, net of individual-level measures. Measures of sprawl have no significant relationship to frequency of walking, body mass index, or diagnosis of various chronic diseases. However, among those with chronic conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, and lung disease, those who live in areas with more highly connected street networks have higher rated health.

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References

2003Neighborhood-Based Differences in Physical Activity: An Environment Scale Evaluation 2002How the built environment affects physical activity 2003Relationship between Urban Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity, and Morbidity 2001Environmental and Policy Determinants of Physical Activity in the United States 2002Urban Sprawl and Public Health 2003Relative Influences of Individual, Social Environmental, and Physical Environmental Correlates of Walking 2001The Built Environment and Human Activity Patterns: Exploring the Impacts of Urban Form on Public Health 2002Urban sprawl and public health

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