Welfare as Maternity Leave? Exemptions from Welfare Work Requirements and Maternal Employment

Heather D. Hill

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Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics Work-Family Balance Challenges Social Policies and Family

Abstract

In some states, the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program offers the equivalent of paid maternity leave without job protection to low-income, single mothers of infants. Age-of-youngest-child (AYC) exemptions waive work requirements for TANF recipients after the birth of a child, generally for 3-12 months, depending on the state. This study uses data from the Current Population Survey (1998-2008) to examine whether the availability and length of AYC exemptions are predictive of rates of employment, work, and full-time work among low-educated single mothers with infants. The analysis uses the difference-in-differences (DD) technique, a comparison of outcomes under different policy treatments and between treatment and comparison groups. The results suggest that AYC exemptions are not related to employment or work rates but that living in a state with no AYC exemption is strongly and positively associated with rates of full-time work among low-educated mothers with infants.

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2000From Neurons to Neighborhoods 1998How Much Does Childhood Poverty Affect the Life Chances of Children?2001Welfare, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Labor Supply of Single Mothers 1999Welfare, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Labor Supply of Single Mothers 2002Economic Well-Being and Children's Social Adjustment: The Role of Family Process in an Ethnically Diverse Low-Income Sample 2000Parental leave and child health 2005Maternity Leave, Early Maternal Employment and Child Health and Development in the US 2000Parental Employment and Child Cognitive Development

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2019Paid Leave, Welfare, and Material Hardship After a Birth 2019Welfare, work, and single mothers: The Great Recession and income packaging strategies 2013Implications of Paid Family Leave for Welfare Participants

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