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Summary The effects of aqueous processes on paper bearing an image in pastel or other loosely bound pigment have been investigated. Paper samples with applied powder pigment (containing no binder) and paper with a pastel layer behaved similarly when treated with water based conservation processes. All treatments produced an observable effect. Suction and immersion washing generally compacted pigments. Mist humidification produced compaction and agglomeration of the pigment; suction and immersion processes produced sinking of the pigment into the paper. Aqueous processes sometimes caused darkening of the surface; this may be caused by the changes in surface topography brought about by aggregation or compaction of particles. High relative humidities may produce caking of the pastel. However, once sufficient free water is absorbed by the pastel the individual particles may move and aggregate when the pastel re-dries. The mechanisms for caking and aggregation are described.
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