The Rise of the Bourbon Military in Peru, 1768–1820

Abstract

The reform of the military was perhaps the most successful of all Bourbon attempts at modernizing and centralizing the viceroyalty of Peru. By the end of Spanish rule, the royal army in Peru had become one of the strongest and most respectable forces of the Spanish empire. It was an ethnically diverse and highly centralized institution that transformed the viceroyalty by the early nineteenth century into one of the pillars of Spanish monarchical power in South America. How was the rise of the Bourbon military possible? And what were the political and social repercussions of this development? This article is an attempt to answer these questions.

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