Increasing Time to Baccalaureate Degree in the United States

John Bound · Michael Lovenheim

89 citations0/0 files storedNational Bureau of Economic Research

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Higher Education Research Studies School Choice and Performance Educational Outcomes and Influences

Abstract

Time to completion of the baccalaureate degree has increased markedly in the United States over the last three decades, even as the wage premium for college graduates has continued to rise.Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the High School Class of 1972 and the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988, we show that the increase in time to degree is localized among those who begin their postsecondary education at public colleges outside the most selective universities.In addition, we find evidence that the increases in time to degree were more marked amongst low income students.We consider several potential explanations for these trends.First, we find no evidence that changes in the college preparedness or the demographic composition of degree recipients can account for the observed increases.Instead, our results suggest that declines in collegiate resources in the less-selective public sector increased time to degree.Furthermore, we present evidence of increased hours of employment among students, which is consistent with students working more to meet rising college costs and likely increases time to degree by crowding out time spent on academic pursuits.

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References

1979An Equilibrium Theory of the Distribution of Income and Intergenerational Mobility 1995Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992: A Semiparametric Approach 2001The Effect of Parental Transfers and Borrowing Constraints on Educational Attainment 2004A model of intergenerational mobility variation over time and place 2010Why Have College Completion Rates Declined? An Analysis of Changing Student Preparation and Collegiate Resources 2009The Changing Selectivity of American Colleges 2008Principal Indicators of Student Academic Histories in Postsecondary Education, 1972-2000.2003Working during School and Academic Performance

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