Social capital and collective efficacy in Hungary: cross sectional associations with middle aged female and male mortality rates

Árpád Skrabski · M Kopp · Ichiro I. Kawachi

108 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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Health disparities and outcomes Social Capital and Networks Community Health and Development

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Social capital, collective efficacy, and religious involvement have each been linked to population health. This study examined the relations between these measures and male/female mortality rates in Hungary. DESIGN: Cross sectional, ecological study. SETTING: 150 sub-regions of Hungary. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: 12643 people were interviewed in 2002 (the "Hungarostudy 2002" survey). Social capital was measured by lack of social trust, reciprocity between citizens, and membership in civil organisations. Collective efficacy was measured by survey items from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Religious involvement was measured by church attendance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Gender specific all cause mortality rates for the middle aged population (45-64 years) in the 150 sub-regions of Hungary, provided by the Central Statistical Office (CSO). RESULTS: Social capital, collective efficacy, as well as religious involvement were each significantly associated with middle age mortality. After education, collective efficacy showed the strongest association with mortality in both men and women. Among men, socioeconomic status, collective efficacy, social distrust, competitive attitude, reciprocity, and membership of civic organisations explained 68.0% of the sub-regional variations in mortality rates. Among women the same variables explained only 29.3% of the variance in mortality rates. Religious involvement was protective among women. CONCLUSION: Collective efficacy and social capital are significant predictors of mortality rates in both men and women across sub-regions of Hungary. Gender differences in the relative importance of social factors may help to explain the differential impact of economic transformation on mortality rates for men and women in Central-Eastern European countries.

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References

1990Foundations of social theory 1997Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy 1994Making Democracy Work 1997Social capital, income inequality, and mortality.2000Social Cohesion, Social Capital, and Health 2026Relative Deprivation and Social Justice 1997Socioeconomic determinants of health : Health and social cohesion: why care about income inequality?1996East-West mortality divide and its potential explanations: proposed research agenda

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