Risk and Protective Factors that Distinguish Adolescents Who Attempt Suicide from Those Who Only Consider Suicide in the Past Year

Lindsay A. Taliaferro · Jennifer J. Muehlenkamp

166 citations0/0 files storedSuicide and Life-Threatening Behavior

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Suicide and Self-Harm Studies Gun Ownership and Violence Research Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse

Abstract

Data from the 2010 Minnesota Student Survey was analyzed to identify risk and protective factors that distinguished adolescents across three groups: no suicidality, suicidal ideation only, and suicide attempt. The population-based sample included 70,022 students in grades 9 and 12. Hopelessness and depressive symptoms emerged as important risk factors to distinguish youth who reported suicidal ideation or behavior from those without a history of suicidality. However, these factors were not as important in differentiating adolescents who attempted suicidal from those who considered suicide but did not act on their thoughts. Instead, for both genders, self-injury represented the most important factor to distinguish these youth. Other risk factors that differentiated the latter groups, but not the former groups, for males were dating violence victimization and cigarette smoking, and for females was a same-sex sexual experience. Running away from home also seemed to increase the risk of a suicide attempt among youth in this study. Parent connectedness and academic achievement emerged as important protective factors to differentiate all the groups, yet neighborhood safety appeared to protect against the transition from suicidal thoughts to behavior. Findings from this study suggest risk and protective factors practitioners should target in clinical assessments and intervention programs to help prevent suicidal behavior among youth at greatest risk.

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References

2006Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior 2003Youth Suicide Risk and Preventive Interventions: A Review of the Past 10 Years 2001Adolescent Suicide Attempts: Risks and Protectors 2012Examining the link between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior: A review of the literature and an integrated model 2004Suicide and Friendships Among American Adolescents 2012Nonsuicidal Self-Injury as a Gateway to Suicide in Young Adults 1998Psychopathology Associated With Suicidal Ideation and Attempts Among Children and Adolescents 2006Suicidality among Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Youth: The Role of Protective Factors

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2018Risk and Protective Factors for Self-Harm in a Population-Based Sample of Transgender Youth 2016Adolescent self-injurers: Comparing non-ideators, suicide ideators, and suicide attempters 2018Peer victimization and suicidality among LGBTQ youth: the roles of school belonging, self-compassion, and parental support 2019School absenteeism as a risk factor for self-harm and suicidal ideation in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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