Trade Unionism in Indonesia

Abstract

A lthough in 1942 at the time of the Japanese in** vasion Indonesia was an overwhelmingly agricul? tural nation, a beginning with industrialization (centering in Java) had been made after a decade of gov? ernment policy favoring modern industrial develop? ment.1 In addition, large-scale export of agricultural products and the needs of the government had given rise to a modern superstructure of railroads, harbors, shipping, some construction and repair shops, utilities, etc. Among the workers engaged in enterprises in this category the trade union movement early found a con? siderable number of adherents. For the great majority of the more numerous estate laborers their status as

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