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Objective: Knowledge of landmark papers in urology is essential both for the practise of evidence-based medicine and for trainees requiring a syllabus for the FRCS Urology examination. Citation index (CI) is seen as a direct measure of the quality of a scientific paper. The aim of this study was to compare papers with the highest CI in each urologic sub-speciality with the landmark papers in urology. Methods: Seventy-nine of the highest impact factor journals in urology, medicine and urologic sub-specialities were identified from the Journal of Citation Reports: Science edition 2012. Urology papers with the highest CI were identified from these journals using the database of the Science CI (1965–2012). Forty-four landmark papers in urology were then identified from textbooks, recommended reading lists for the FRCS Urology examination, and publications on landmark urology papers. High CI papers were then compared to landmark papers. Results: The top 10 cited papers in each urologic sub-speciality were identified. A total of 31.8% ( n = 14) landmark papers were among the top 10 cited papers. Urinary tract infection had the highest proportion of landmark papers in the top 10 cited articles. Kidney cancer papers had the highest mean CI while urinary tract trauma had the lowest. Conclusion: This study shows that CI alone is a poor indicator of landmark papers in urology. This paper gives a comprehensive overview both of landmark papers in urology and those with the highest CI, and may be used as an adjunct to the FRCS Urology syllabus.
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