The Musaeum of Alexandria and the Formation of the Muséum in Eighteenth-Century France

Abstract

The Hellenistic Musaeum of Alexandria became a subject of sustained interest for seventeenth- and eighteenth-century antiquarians and architects. What little documentation remained indicated that the Musaeum had been an elite group of scholars, supported by a library, housing, and other research facilities. In 1793 the French Revolutionary government gave its newly public collections of rare objects the name museum in reference to the Alexandrian project. However, only one museum in Paris could sustain the comparison: the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. By 1797 it alone retained the name of museum after the ancient Musaeum; the rest carried the modern title musee.

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