Prevalence of viral markers among first‐time Arab blood donors in Kuwait

Reem M. Ameen · Nabil Sanad · Salem Alshemmari · Iqbal Siddique · Rafiq I. Chowdhury · Samia Al‐Hamdan +1 more

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Blood donation and transfusion practices Hepatitis C virus research Organ Donation and Transplantation

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of blood donation modes on the prevalence of viral markers among Arab first-time blood donors in Kuwait. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Donor ethnic background was classified as Kuwaiti nationals and non-Kuwaiti Arabs. A total of 26,874 donors were screened in 2002 for the following viral markers: hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core antigen (HBc), human immunodeficiency virus-1 and -2 antibody (anti-HIV-1 and -2), HIV p24, and human T lymphotropic virus-I and -II antibody (anti-HTLVI/II). All samples positive for the presence of anti-HBc were tested for anti-HBs. Among these donors, 12,798 were first-time donors of which 74 percent were replacement and 26 percent were volunteers. RESULTS: The prevalence of HCV among replacement donors was significantly higher than the volunteer group. The difference between the two modes of blood donations, however, was not significant for HBsAg. The prevalence of anti-HCV among Kuwaiti national and non-Kuwaiti Arab first-time donors was 0.8 and 5.4 percent, respectively, whereas the prevalence of HBsAg was 1.1 and 3.5 percent, respectively, with the difference being significant at a p level of <0.0001. The difference observed for prevalence of anti-HBc among Kuwaiti national and non-Kuwaiti Arab donors (17 and 33.3%, respectively) was significant (p < 0.0001). Among first-time donors, 13.7 percent were positive for the presence of anti-HBs, indicating that 13.7 percent of the total Arab donor population might have had a previous infection and possible immunity to hepatitis B virus (HBV). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of HBV and HCV was found among non-Kuwaiti Arab donors. The prevalence of anti-HCV was only significantly higher among replacement versus volunteer first-time donors. Therefore, there is a need to develop a strategic plan that incorporates the diverse background of the blood donors living in Kuwait.

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References

1996The Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Viral Infections 2002Current prevalence and incidence of infectious disease markers and estimated window‐period risk in the American Red Cross blood donor population 2005A new strategy for estimating risks of transfusion‐transmitted viral infections based on rates of detection of recently infected donors 1997The incidence/window period model and its use to assess the risk of transfusion-transmitted human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infection 2001Screening for viral markers in volunteer and replacement blood donors in West Africa 1991Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ‐infected blood donors:behavioral characteristics and reasons for donation

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