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A mazingly, Andy Warhol is reported to have been a devout Catholic and a regular churchgoer. Known variously as the 'pope of pop', 'saint Andy', or (by his detractors) as an 'AntiChrist', Andy Warhol (1928-1987) grew up in a Byzantine Catholic family in Pittsburgh. His parents had emigrated from Ruthenia, between Russia and Poland, and until WWI part of the Austro-Hungarian empire. Religion played an important role in his upbringing. At the Factory, he surrounded himself with lapsed Catholics, including Ultra Violet, Ondine, Brigid Polk, Gerard Malanga, Viva, and others. (Ultra Violet later repenting her youth became a born-again Christian.) His film The Imitation of Christ (1967) (originally part of his '24 Hour Movie') riffs on Catholic customs and references. Brigid Polk pretends to be the Virgin Mary, Ondine is God, and Patrick Tilden their problem son. At one point, Brigid tells Ondine not to forgive Patrick, but to 'just take away the original sin!' Later, Nico reads passages from The Imitation of Christ: 'The poor and humble of spirit live in much peace. The man who is not yet perfectly dead to himself is soon tempted and overcome by small and trifling things.' One imagines that the following passage is one that would have agreed with Warhol, well-known for his reserve: 'It is only by resisting our passion that we are to find contentment'. According to one journalist, Warhol was 'strangely devout' and made daily visits to the church of Saint Vincent Ferrer in Manhattan.5 Unlike Warhol, the two French filmmakers Philippe Garrel (born in 1948) and Jean-Luc Godard (born in 1930), whose work I want to consider via the lens of religion, are not religious in a conventional sense. Garrel comes from a Catholic family and, in
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