Consonant recognition and the articulation index

Jont B. Allen

63 citations0/0 files storedThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Phonetics and Phonology Research Speech Recognition and Synthesis Speech and Audio Processing

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into how speech is processed by the auditory system, by quantifying the nature of nonsense speech sound confusions. (1) The Miller and Nicely [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 27(2), 338-352 (1955)] confusion matrix (CM) data are analyzed by plotting the CM elements Si,j(SNR) as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This allows for the robust clustering of perceptual feature (event) groups, not robustly defined by a single CM table, where clusters depend on the sound order. (2) The SNR is then re-expressed as an articulation index (AI), and used as the independent variable. The normalized log scores log(1-Si,i(AI)) and log(Si,j(AI)), j not equal to i, then become linear functions of AI, on log-error versus AI plots. This linear dependence may be interpreted as an extension of the band-independence model of Fletcher. (3) The model formula for the average score for the finite-alphabet case Pc(AI,H)= sigma(N)i=1Si,i/N is then modified to include the effect of entropy H. Due to the grouping of sounds with increased SNR (and AI), the sound-group entropy Hg plays a key role in this performance measure. (4) A parametric model for the confusions Si,j(AI,Hg) is then described, which characterizes the confusions between competing sounds within a group.

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References

1955An Analysis of Perceptual Confusions Among Some English Consonants 1947Factors Governing the Intelligibility of Speech Sounds 1951The intelligibility of speech as a function of the context of the test materials.1953Speech and Hearing in Communication.1994How do humans process and recognize speech?1973Consonant confusions in noise: a study of perceptual features 1996Harvey Fletcher’s role in the creation of communication acoustics

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2005Articulation and Intelligibility 2008A method to identify noise-robust perceptual features: Application for consonant /t/2012A psychoacoustic method for studying the necessary and sufficient perceptual cues of American English fricative consonants in noise

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