Nonmarital Childbearing in Russia: Second Demographic Transition or Pattern of Disadvantage?

Brienna Perelli‐Harris · Theodore P. Gerber

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Family Dynamics and Relationships Reproductive Health and Contraception Marriage and Family Dynamics

Abstract

Using retrospective union, birth, and education histories that span 1980-2003, this study investigates nonmarital childbearing in contemporary Russia. We employ a combination of methods to decompose fertility rates by union status and analyze the processes that lead to a nonmarital birth. We find that the increase in the percentage of nonmarital births was driven mainly by the growing proportion of women who cohabit before conception, not changing fertility behavior of cohabitors or changes in union behavior after conception. The relationship between education and nonmarital childbearing has remained stable: the least-educated women have the highest birth rates within cohabitation and as single mothers, primarily because of their lower probability of legitimating a nonmarital conception. These findings suggest that nonmarital childbearing Russia has more in common with the pattern of disadvantage in the United States than with the second demographic transition. We also find several aspects of nonmarital childbearing that neither of these perspectives anticipates.

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1991A Treatise on the Family 1990Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society 1990Culture shift in advanced industrial society 2004Diverging destinies: How children are faring under the second demographic transition 1992Streetwise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community.1990Streetwise 2006Promises I can keep: why poor women put motherhood before marriage 2000Trends in cohabitation and implications for children s family contexts in the United States

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2014Towards a new understanding of cohabitation 2014Cohabitation, post-conception unions, and the rise in nonmarital fertility 2017Changing Gender Norms and Marriage Dynamics in the United States 2014Attitudes on marriage and new relationships 2016Partnership Patterns in the United States and across Europe: The Role of Education and Country Context 2014Grasping the Diversity of Cohabitation: Fertility Intentions Among Cohabiters Across Europe

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