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French colonial rule in North Africa and the integration of the Central Asian lands into the Russian/Soviet empire were both characterised not only by substantial European settlement but also by cultural aggression against the Muslim populations of each region, featuring in particular the promotion of the French and Russian languages respectively over locally‐used and indigenous languages. This paper examines the similarities and differences in the two experiences and also discusses their post‐independence consequences and future prospects.
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Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 11 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.