Questioning the future of NGOs in microfinance

Abstract

A large number of NGOs are now involved in microfinance and more are making the move towards it; some even converting their finance operations to banks. This paper examines some of the motivations for this change and raises questions about the trade offs involved. The paper suggests that when credit systems air to be financially sustainable there is a strong bias to engage in credit only. The trade-offs involved have consequences not only for the soul of many NGOs (the tension between the imagery of compassion and that of capitalism) but in terms of outreach to the very poor, and in terms of impact and effect on the recipients. Credit-only approaches which adhere to sustainability criteria often miss the very poor. And as for those who are reached by micro loans, without other inputs than credit, many of these borrowers have difficulty making productive use of the loans; the result of lack of absorptive capacity, lack of confidence, lack of knowledge. NGOs who shift into sustainable credit programs may be losing their real competitive advantage in the world of development—their capacity to reach the very poorest and engage in a variety of activities that help people change, but which cannot necessarily be financially supported by the recipient of the assistance.

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