Article2003

Homo erectus Calvarium from the Pleistocene of Java

Hisao Baba · Fachroel Aziz · Yousuke Kaifu · Gen Suwa · Reiko T. Kono · Teuku Jacob

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Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies Morphological variations and asymmetry

Abstract

A Homo erectus calvarium [Sambungmacan 4 (Sm 4)] was recovered from Pleistocene sediments at Sambungmacan in central Java. Micro-computed tomography analysis shows a modern human-like cranial base flexion associated with a low platycephalic vault, implying that the evolution of human cranial globularity was independent of cranial base flexion. The overall morphology of Sm 4 is intermediate between that of earlier and later Javanese Homo erectus; apparent morphological specializations are more strongly expressed in the latter. This supports the hypothesis that later Pleistocene Javanese populations were substantially isolated and made minimal contributions to the ancestry of modern humans.

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References

2002Modern human origins: progress and prospects 2002The evolution and development of cranial form in Homo sapiens 1996Latest Homo erectus of Java: Potential Contemporaneity with Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia 2002Remains of Homo erectus from Bouri, Middle Awash, Ethiopia 1990The Evolution of Homo Erectus 2001Early Pleistocene 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages for Bapang Formation hominins, Central Jawa, Indonesia 1995Basicranial flexion, relative brain size, and facial kyphosis in Homo sapiens and some fossil hominids 2002Evolutionary significance of cranial variation in Asian Homo erectus

Cited by

2003Homo erectus in East and Southeast Asia, and the questions of the age of the species and its association with stone artifacts, with special attention to handaxe-like tools 2005Hominid Mandibular Remains from Sangiran: 1952–1986 Collection 2013Homo erectus and Middle Pleistocene hominins: Brain size, skull form, and species recognition 2011Craniofacial morphology of Homo floresiensis: Description, taxonomic affinities, and evolutionary implication 2008Cranial morphology of Javanese Homo erectus: New evidence for continuous evolution, specialization, and terminal extinction

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