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John Friedmann's 1986 essay on ‘The world city hypothesis’ was intended as a framework for research on the relationships between urbanization processes and the new international division of labour. The essay and its conceptual underpinnings caught the imagination of human geographers, who were just beginning to appreciate the implications of a decisive shift from an international to a global world economy. Friedmann's ideas have been widely absorbed into the discourse on globalization and urban and regional change. In retrospect, his essay did not sufficiently address the dialectics of global-local dynamics, but it did anticipate most of the principal issues attached to world city development.
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