Articlegreen2011

Counting the atoms in a28Si crystal for a new kilogram definition

Birk Andreas · Yasushi Azuma · Guido Bartl · Peter Becker · H. Bettin · I. Busch +16 more

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Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques

Abstract

This paper concerns an international research project aimed at determining the Avogadro constant by counting the atoms in an isotopically enriched silicon crystal. The counting procedure was based on the measurement of the molar volume and the volume of an atom in two 1 kg crystal spheres. The novelty was the use of isotope dilution mass spectrometry as a new and very accurate method for the determination of the molar mass of enriched silicon. Because of an unexpected metallic contamination of the sphere surfaces, the relative measurement uncertainty, 3 × 10 −8 N A , is larger by a factor 1.5 than that targeted. The measured value of the Avogadro constant, N A = 6.022 140 82(18) × 10 23 mol −1 , is the most accurate input datum for the kilogram redefinition and differs by 16 × 10 −8 N A from the CODATA 2006 adjusted value. This value is midway between the NIST and NPL watt-balance values.

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References

2006GUIDE TO THE EXPRESSION OF UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENT 2013Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement 2012CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2010 2000CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 1998 2006Redefinition of the kilogram, ampere, kelvin and mole: a proposed approach to implementing CIPM recommendation 1 (CI-2005)1976A Measurement of the Gyromagnetic Ratio of the Proton by the Strong Field Method 1974Determination of the Avogadro Constant

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2017Data and analysis for the CODATA 2017 special fundamental constants adjustment 2015Improved measurement results for the Avogadro constant using a28Si-enriched crystal 2016Realization of the kilogram by the XRCD method 2012CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2010 2017A new28Si single crystal: counting the atoms for the new kilogram definition 2013Design of the new METAS watt balance experiment Mark II

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