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The defensive systems belonging to the Middle Bronze Age in Syro-Palestinian centres, which are testified to by the archaeological evidence and associated through their clear typological, technical and functional homogeneity, have been the object of many general and specific inquiries since the 1920S. Above all, those systems characterized by imposing earthen ranlparts, sometimes with external moats, well attested in the most significant Syro-Palestinian urban centres have been rightly recognized as a fundamentally distinctive element of town planning in the second millennium B.C. and also as a specific type of defensive architecture in that period. They have been exhaustively investigated beginning with the now classic works of Albright, FitzGerald, Yadin and Kenyon. Later studies of the subject, particularly the one by Parr, side by side with a progressive increase in the related archaeological evidence, require a comprehensive revision of the subject. They indicate that direct connections between these defensive systems and particular ethnic groups or socio-political events, such as the spread of a Hurrian element in the Western part of the Near East or the so-called “Hyksos period” in Egypt and Palestine, should be rejected in favour of a local development.
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